BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

In the Indonesian language, ancient religious buildings called temples; temple term is also used more broadly to refer to all the ancient buildings originating from the Hindu-Buddhist in the archipelago, such as gates, arches, and petirtaan (outdoor baths and showers). The origins of the name Borobudur is not clear, [8] although it is the original name of most temples in Indonesia is not known. [8] The name Borobudur was first written in the book "History of Java" by Sir Thomas Raffles. [9] Raffles wrote about a monument called Borobudur, but none of the older documents mentioning the exact same name. [8] The only old Javanese manuscript that hints of a Buddhist shrine which probably refers to Borobudur is Nagarakretagama, written by mpu Prapanca in 1365. [10]

Bore-Budur name, which is then written Borobudur, probably written Raffles in English grammar to refer to the nearest village to the temple is the village of Bore (Boro); most temples is often named after the village where the temple stood. Raffles also suggested that the term 'Budur' may be related to Buda in Javanese term meaning "ancient" - it means "ancient Boro". [8] However, other archaeologists assume that the name comes from the term bhudhara Budur meaning mountain. [ 11]

Many theories attempt to explain the name of this temple. One of them states that the name is probably derived from kataSambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces. In addition there are some other folk etymology. Suppose borobudur word derived from the words "the Buddha" is due to shift the sound to Borobudur. Another explanation is that the name is derived from two words "coal" and "beduhur". The word bara said to have originated from katavihara, while there are also other explanations where the coal comes from Sanskrit which means temple or monastery complex and beduhur meaning is "high", or remind dalambahasa Bali which means "above". So the point is a monastery or hostel located on high ground.

Historian J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation for a doctorate in 1950 found that Borobudur is a place of worship. Based on the inscriptions Karangtengah and Tri Tepusan, Casparis estimate Borobudur is the founder of the dynasty king of Mataram dynasty named Samaratungga, doing construction around 824 AD The giant new building could be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Borobudur Development is expected to take half a century. In Karangtengah inscriptions also mentioned about the bestowal of land sima (tax-free land) by Cri Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kamulan called Bhūmisambhāra. [12] The term is derived from the first Kamūlānsendiri which means the place of origin, the ancestral shrine to glorify, probably ancestors of the dynasty Sailendra. Casparis estimates that Sambhāra Bhudhāra Bhumi in Sanskrit which means "Hill set ten levels boddhisattwa virtues", was the original name of Borobudur. [13]

Borobudur in its heyday

No written evidence explaining who built Borobudur and what its use. [19] When construction is expected based on the comparison between the types of characters written on a closed toe Karmawibhangga the type of characters that are commonly used in royal inscriptions century 8th and 9th. Estimated Borobudur was built around 800 AD. [19] The time frame is consistent with the period between 760 and 830 AD, during the height of glory wangsaSyailendra in Central Java, [20] which was then influenced Srivijaya Empire. Borobudur Development is expected to spend the next 75 - 100 years more and actually completed in the reign of Samaratungga in the year 825. [21] [22]

There is confusion as to whether the facts of the ruling king of Java at that time were Hindu or Buddhist. Sailendra dynasty known as Mahayana Buddhists are devout, but through temuanprasasti Sojomerto suggests that they may have originally Hindu Shiva. [21] In the period that built many Hindu and Buddhist temples in Kedu Plain. Based on the inscription Canggal, in 732 AD, the king ordered the construction of religion Shiva Sanjaya Shiwalingga shrine built in the hills of Mount Wukir, located only 10 km (6.2 miles) east of Borobudur. [23] Borobudur Buddhist temple was built during the period that is almost along with the temples at Prambanan Plain, though Borobudur estimated to have been completed about 825 AD, twenty-five years earlier before the commencement of construction of the Shiva temple Prambanansekitar year 850 AD